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الاختبار النهائي — CEA — مدقّق طاقة معتمد (تحضير الامتحان)

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هذا الاختبار النهائي متاح بـالإنجليزية.

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السؤال 1A facility manager wants a quick assessment that reviews historical utility bills, conducts a brief walk-through, and identifies low-cost/no-cost savings without detailed engineering analysis. Which ASHRAE audit level best matches this request?
السؤال 2Which ASHRAE audit level provides detailed savings and cost analysis, a breakdown of energy use by end use, and a list of energy conservation measures with savings, costs, and economic analysis suitable for most owners' decision-making?
السؤال 3An ASHRAE Level 3 audit is distinguished primarily by which of the following?
السؤال 4Before visiting a site, an energy auditor compiles 24-36 months of utility bills to establish baseline consumption and demand patterns. This activity is best described as:
السؤال 5The Energy Use Intensity (EUI) of a building is best defined as:
السؤال 6On a steam boiler, the auditor measures 4% O2 and finds the stack temperature is 150°C above combustion-air temperature. To reduce stack (flue gas) losses, the MOST appropriate first action is to:
السؤال 7A boiler operates with 3% O2 in the flue gas. If excess oxygen rises to 8% at the same firing rate, what is the most likely effect on boiler efficiency?
السؤال 8During a steam system audit, the auditor finds a failed-open steam trap blowing live steam continuously. The PRIMARY energy concern with this failure mode is:
السؤال 9Installing a feedwater economizer on a boiler recovers heat from the flue gas to preheat boiler feedwater. As a rule of thumb, boiler efficiency improves approximately:
السؤال 10A plant blows down 5% of its boiler feedwater continuously to control dissolved solids. The MOST effective measure to recover energy from this blowdown is to:
السؤال 11An auditor evaluates bare, uninsulated steam piping in a boiler room. Adding insulation to this piping primarily reduces:
السؤال 12A boiler's combustion efficiency is most directly determined from which two measured flue gas parameters?
السؤال 13Recovering condensate and returning it to the boiler (rather than sending it to drain) saves energy chiefly because the condensate:
السؤال 14At an ASHRAE Level 2 audit, the auditor disaggregates whole-building energy into lighting, HVAC, plug loads, and process. The PRIMARY purpose of this end-use breakdown is to:
السؤال 15A 600 hp boiler fires natural gas. The auditor wants to reduce excess air using an oxygen trim system. The benefit of O2 trim control is that it:
السؤال 16In a Level 1 ASHRAE audit, identified opportunities are typically limited to which category?
السؤال 17A steam system operates at 150 psig. The plant could meet all process loads at 100 psig. Reducing header pressure to 100 psig would generally:
السؤال 18An auditor reviews a building with high summer electric demand charges. To understand WHEN peak demand occurs, the most useful data source is:
السؤال 19A combustion analyzer reports rising CO along with low O2 in a boiler's flue gas. This combination most likely indicates:
السؤال 20For a thermal/process heating audit, the auditor calculates that a furnace has a high stack loss and a low available heat. The single most cost-effective measure is often to:
السؤال 21When establishing the audit baseline, the auditor normalizes building energy use against heating and cooling degree days. The purpose of weather normalization is to:
السؤال 22A scoping (preliminary) audit identifies that a 1,000-ton chiller plant, a steam boiler plant, and lighting all show savings potential. To decide which system warrants the deeper, capital-intensive ASHRAE Level 3 study, the auditor should prioritize based on:
السؤال 23An auditor needs to log the true-RMS power draw of a 3-phase, 480 V motor over one week to capture its actual duty cycle. Which instrument setup is most appropriate?
السؤال 24When measuring current with a clamp-on ammeter on a single conductor of a balanced 3-phase load, why can total power NOT be found from current alone?
السؤال 25An auditor uses an infrared thermography camera on a building exterior in winter. A bright (warm) patch around a window frame most likely indicates:
السؤال 26Which instrument is the standard tool for quantifying building envelope air leakage as a whole?
السؤال 27A combustion analyzer reports flue O2 of 9% and high stack temperature on a gas boiler. The primary efficiency conclusion is that the boiler has:
السؤال 28To verify a chiller's actual cooling output during an audit, which combination of measurements is needed to compute kW/ton?
السؤال 29An auditor places a portable data logger to record space temperature and relative humidity every 15 minutes for two weeks. The main purpose of this logging interval and duration is to:
السؤال 30Under IPMVP, the period of energy use established before an ECM is installed, used as the basis of comparison, is called the:
السؤال 31In IPMVP, 'avoided energy use' (savings) for a reporting period is best expressed as:
السؤال 32An ECM affects only a lighting circuit in one zone, and the savings can be isolated by metering that circuit before and after. Which IPMVP Option is most appropriate?
السؤال 33The key distinction between IPMVP Option A and Option B is that:
السؤال 34A facility-wide ECM package is verified using monthly utility bills with a regression model against weather. This is an example of which IPMVP Option?
السؤال 35When measured baseline data is unavailable (e.g., a new building or many interactive ECMs), which IPMVP Option relies on an energy model tuned to actual utility data?
السؤال 36In M&V, a 'routine adjustment' to the baseline accounts for:
السؤال 37A 'non-routine adjustment' in IPMVP would be required when:
السؤال 38A regression model of monthly energy vs. cooling degree-days yields R² = 0.94 and a low CV(RMSE). This indicates the model:
السؤال 39A lighting retrofit replaces 200 fixtures of 150 W each with 60 W LEDs, operating 4,000 hours/year. The annual energy savings is approximately:
السؤال 40For the same retrofit (200 fixtures, 90 W reduction each), what is the demand reduction if all fixtures operate coincident with the utility peak?
السؤال 41A measurement boundary in an M&V plan is best described as:
السؤال 42When selecting metering equipment for M&V, an auditor should ensure the instrument's accuracy is:
السؤال 43An ultrasonic clamp-on flow meter is chosen over an inline meter for measuring chilled-water flow during an audit primarily because it:
السؤال 44Before relying on logged data, an auditor should compare short-term measured power against utility billing demand. This step is best described as:
السؤال 45A 2,000 ft² wall assembly has a measured U-factor of 0.10 Btu/h·ft²·°F. During a heating season with 6,500 heating degree-days (base 65°F), what is the approximate annual conductive heat loss through the wall (ignoring solar and infiltration)?
السؤال 46An auditor evaluates adding R-19 insulation to an existing R-3 (effective) wall. What is the percentage reduction in conductive heat loss through that wall (assuming the U-factor is the inverse of the R-value)?
السؤال 47Two ECMs are mutually exclusive. ECM A costs $20,000 and saves $5,000/yr; ECM B costs $50,000 and saves $9,000/yr. Using simple payback as the primary screen, which statement is most defensible?
السؤال 48A roof ECM costs $40,000, saves $8,000/year, and has a 15-year life. At a 6% discount rate, the present-worth factor (uniform series, 15 yr, 6%) is 9.712. What is the approximate Net Present Value?
السؤال 49During an envelope audit, an infrared thermographic scan of an exterior wall in winter shows distinct cold streaks aligned with the stud cavities while the studs appear warmer. What does this most likely indicate?
السؤال 50A building's design heat loss is calculated from envelope U-factors, areas, and the indoor-to-outdoor temperature difference. If the design indoor temperature is raised from 70°F to 72°F while outdoor design is 10°F, the conductive design heat loss increases by approximately what percentage?
السؤال 51An ECM bundle has an internal rate of return (IRR) of 18% and the organization's minimum acceptable rate of return (hurdle rate) is 12%. What is the correct economic interpretation?
السؤال 52A single-pane window (U = 1.04) covering 300 ft² is replaced with a low-e double-pane unit (U = 0.30). For a location with 5,000 heating degree-days (base 65°F), the annual conductive heating energy saved is approximately:
السؤال 53In life-cycle cost analysis of two ECMs with different lifetimes (10 yr vs 20 yr), which approach correctly compares them on an equal basis?
السؤال 54An auditor computes a wall assembly U-factor. The wall has parallel paths: insulated cavity (R-13) at 75% of area and wood studs (R-7) at 25% of area, plus continuous layers totaling R-2 on both faces. Using the parallel-path (isothermal-planes) method, the cavity and stud R-values are combined by:
السؤال 55A facility manager insists on a maximum 3-year simple payback for any ECM. A high-efficiency boiler ECM costs $90,000 and saves $25,000/year. Does it pass the screen, and what is the key limitation of this decision rule?
السؤال 56A blower-door test reports 3,000 CFM50. To estimate the natural infiltration rate, an auditor divides CFM50 by an N-factor (LBL method) appropriate for the climate and building height. The purpose of this N-factor is to:
السؤال 57An ECM saving 200,000 kWh/year at a blended rate of $0.11/kWh also reduces demand by 30 kW/month at $14/kW. Ignoring escalation, what is the total annual cost savings?
السؤال 58When estimating envelope heating loads, the degree-day method is most appropriate for which type of building?
السؤال 59The savings-to-investment ratio (SIR) of an ECM is defined as the ratio of the present value of savings to the present value of investment costs. An ECM with SIR = 0.85 means:
السؤال 60A flat roof has the following layers (R-values): exterior air film 0.17, membrane 0.0, rigid insulation R-20, metal deck ~0, interior air film 0.61. Approximately what is the assembly U-factor?
السؤال 61For a cooling-dominated climate, which window property most directly governs solar heat gain through glazing and is therefore a key envelope ECM target?
السؤال 62An ECM costs $60,000 and produces savings of $10,000 in year 1, escalating 4% per year over a 10-year life. Compared with a simple-payback estimate using constant year-1 savings (6 years), the escalation-adjusted analysis will:
السؤال 63During an ASHRAE Level II audit, an auditor must report the building's overall envelope performance. The most appropriate single normalized metric to benchmark envelope-driven loss across buildings of different sizes is:
السؤال 64A wall ECM saves 40 MMBtu/yr of natural gas. The boiler that delivers this heat has a seasonal efficiency of 80%, and gas costs $9.00/MMBtu. What is the correct annual fuel cost savings the auditor should report?
السؤال 65An auditor finds a building with significant thermal bridging at concrete balcony slabs penetrating the insulated facade. Beyond conductive heat loss, the most important secondary concern to flag in the report is:
السؤال 66Two ECMs each pass a 5-year payback screen. ECM X has NPV $30,000 over a 10-year life; ECM Y has NPV $18,000 over a 10-year life, but the capital budget only allows one. Using NPV as the decision criterion for mutually exclusive projects of equal life, the auditor should recommend:
السؤال 67During a Level 2 audit of a 50,000 ft² office, an auditor finds the central VAV system delivers a constant 55°F supply air year-round while terminal boxes reheat in many zones during winter. Which control change typically yields the largest fan and reheat energy savings?
السؤال 68An auditor measures a constant-volume AHU running 24/7 in a building occupied only 60 hours/week. The first-recommended low-cost ECM is most likely:
السؤال 69A rooftop unit's economizer is found stuck closed. The energy penalty is greatest in which condition?
السؤال 70A 100-ton chiller measured at 0.85 kW/ton at full load is rated for 0.62 kW/ton. The MOST useful next diagnostic step before recommending replacement is to:
السؤال 71Which HVAC measure best targets reducing the part-load energy of a constant-speed chilled water pump in a system with two-way control valves?
السؤال 72An auditor wants to quantify HVAC fan savings from a VFD retrofit. According to the fan affinity laws, reducing fan speed to 70% of design reduces ideal shaft power to approximately:
السؤال 73A building has simultaneous heating and cooling because the AHU minimum airflow forces reheat. The cleanest first investigation is to review:
السؤال 74In an energy audit report, recommendations are MOST useful to a decision-maker when they are presented:
السؤال 75An auditor presents three ECMs: lighting retrofit (1.5-yr payback), VFD on cooling tower fans (3-yr), and chiller replacement (12-yr). For a client with limited capital seeking quick wins, the recommended implementation sequence is typically:
السؤال 76A report claims 18% HVAC savings from a control upgrade. To make the claim credible and verifiable per IPMVP, the report should include:
السؤال 77A heating-dominated facility uses an air-source heat pump that locks into electric resistance backup below 35°F. Which audit finding most justifies recommending controls/setpoint changes?
السؤال 78When estimating annual cooling energy from a short-term audit, the BEST approach for relating measured load to weather is to use:
السؤال 79An auditor finds outdoor air dampers fixed at 30% on a system serving an office with low occupancy. Adding demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) saves energy primarily by:
السؤال 80A maintenance-related HVAC ECM with essentially zero capital cost and immediate savings, often the first recommendation in any audit, is:
السؤال 81An executive summary in an energy audit report should primarily contain:
السؤال 82After implementation of an HVAC ECM, the client questions whether the predicted savings materialized. The auditor should reference which document/process to resolve this?
السؤال 83An auditor recommends raising chilled water supply temperature from 42°F to 45°F to improve chiller efficiency. The MAIN risk that must be checked and noted in the report is:
السؤال 84A facility's BAS trend logs show the heating and cooling valves both open at the same AHU during shoulder seasons. The most likely root cause an auditor should report is:
السؤال 85Two HVAC ECMs are recommended together: a VFD on the supply fan and an AHU scheduling change. When calculating combined savings, the auditor must account for:
السؤال 86For implementation, an audit report's ECM table should ideally include cost, savings, payback, AND:
السؤال 87An auditor measures supply and return air temperatures across a cooling coil and airflow with a flow hood/grid to compute coil cooling load. This sensible load is best calculated using:
السؤال 88A client asks the auditor to omit a recommended but unpopular ECM (occupancy scheduling that affects after-hours users) from the report. The auditor's most professional action is to:
السؤال 89An auditor measures a fluorescent troffer drawing 86 W (lamps plus ballast) and proposes a 32 W LED replacement panel. What is the connected-load reduction per fixture?
السؤال 90A warehouse has 200 high-bay fixtures at 400 W each operating 6,000 hours/year. Retrofitting to 150 W LED high-bays cuts annual energy use by approximately how much?
السؤال 91Which photometric quantity, expressed in lux or foot-candles, should an auditor measure at the working plane to verify adequate task lighting?
السؤال 92A lamp produces 4,000 lumens while drawing 40 W. What is its luminous efficacy?
السؤال 93During a daytime walkthrough of a perimeter office with large windows, the auditor finds lights fully on. Which control measure best captures daylight savings here?
السؤال 94A T12 lamp system is replaced with LED. Beyond lamp wattage, why must the auditor account for the existing magnetic ballast?
السؤال 95An occupancy sensor is proposed for a storeroom occupied only 25% of the time, currently lit 4,000 hours/year. Estimate the annual operating hours after the retrofit (ignoring sensor time-delay).
السؤال 96Which factor is included in the IESNA lighting power density (LPD) metric used to benchmark a space?
السؤال 97A retrofit reduces lighting load by 18 kW. Because the lamps were inside a conditioned, cooled space, what secondary benefit should the auditor quantify?
السؤال 98In a heated-only space in a cold climate, an efficient lighting retrofit may show a 'heating penalty.' What does this mean for net savings?
السؤال 99An office currently maintains 750 lux but the task only requires 500 lux per IES recommendations. What is this condition called and the appropriate measure?
السؤال 100A facility runs 320 LED fixtures at 45 W, 4,200 hours/year, at $0.11/kWh. What is the approximate annual lighting energy cost?
السؤال 101When selecting LED replacements for a retail space displaying merchandise colors, which lamp parameter is most critical to preserve appearance?
السؤال 102A lighting retrofit costs $42,000 and saves $14,000/year in energy and maintenance. What is the simple payback period?
السؤال 103An auditor wants to verify actual lighting operating hours rather than rely on occupant estimates. Which instrument is most appropriate?
السؤال 104Replacing a 250 W metal-halide HID fixture (with a 290 W input including ballast) with a 100 W LED equivalent gives what input-watt savings per fixture?
السؤال 105Which retrofit strategy keeps existing lamps but improves delivered light and reduces required lamp count by improving fixture optics?
السؤال 106In a 24/7 data center corridor lit continuously, why would an occupancy-sensor retrofit yield little savings compared to a delamping measure?
السؤال 107An auditor records 60 W measured at a fixture but the lamp is rated 54 W. The ratio of actual fixture output to rated lamp lumens partly depends on which factor describing actual vs. rated drive?
السؤال 108For measurement and verification of a lighting retrofit, which IPMVP option uses pre/post fixture-level metering and stipulated operating hours rather than whole-building data?
السؤال 109A 1,000-fixture office retrofit saves 30 kW of demand. With a $12/kW-month demand charge, what is the approximate annual demand-charge savings (assuming the reduction occurs every billing month)?
السؤال 110A 100 hp motor operates at 85% loading with a measured efficiency of 92%. If electricity costs $0.10/kWh and the motor runs 6,000 hours/year, approximately what is the annual electricity cost? (1 hp = 0.746 kW)
السؤال 111During a compressed-air audit you find the system operates at 110 psig, but the highest end-use only needs 80 psig. As a rule of thumb, reducing system pressure by roughly 2 psi saves about 1% of compressor energy. What is the most defensible first recommendation?
السؤال 112An auditor measures a 3-phase motor with line voltages of 480, 475, and 466 V. What is the percent voltage unbalance, and why does it matter?
السؤال 113A facility has a measured power factor of 0.78 lagging and is billed a reactive power penalty. The most cost-effective correction measure for a steady inductive load is usually:
السؤال 114When estimating savings from replacing a standard-efficiency motor with a premium-efficiency motor, the most important factor that determines whether the replacement is economic is:
السؤال 115An ultrasonic leak detector identifies a 1/8-inch (≈3 mm) compressed-air leak at 100 psig. Such a leak can waste on the order of 25–30 CFM. Why are compressed-air leaks considered a high-priority ECM?
السؤال 116A plant has multiple 460 V motors driving constant-flow pumps that are throttled by control valves. The single most impactful electrical/motor ECM an auditor would typically propose is:
السؤال 117According to affinity laws for a centrifugal fan/pump driven by a VFD, if speed is reduced to 80% of full speed, the shaft power demand becomes approximately:
السؤال 118An auditor wants to determine the actual load on an in-service induction motor without disconnecting it. The most accurate practical field method is:
السؤال 119A compressed-air system uses a single large compressor that modulates inlet throttling to match part-load demand. Compared with load/unload or VSD control, inlet modulation at part load is:
السؤال 120When auditing motor systems, the practice of "rewinding vs. replacing" matters because each rewind of a motor can:
السؤال 121An auditor reviews a facility's interval (demand) data and notices a sharp 15-minute peak each morning when several large motors start simultaneously. The best demand-reduction measure is most likely:
السؤال 122A 50 hp compressor produces 200 CFM at full load. An audit finds that during the third (night) shift, demand drops to about 40 CFM but the compressor still runs fully loaded due to poor control. The best low-cost recommendation is:
السؤال 123Using compressed air for tasks such as personnel cooling, open blow-off, or sweeping floors is discouraged in audits primarily because:
السؤال 124An auditor estimates compressed-air leak load by running the compressor in load/unload mode during no-production time. The leak fraction is calculated as Load time / (Load + Unload time). If load = 4 min and unload = 16 min over a cycle, the leak load is approximately what fraction of compressor capacity?
السؤال 125A motor is significantly oversized, operating at only 35% load. From an efficiency standpoint, the main concern at this loading is:
السؤال 126When auditing a lighting-and-receptacle electrical panel, an auditor uses a true-RMS clamp meter rather than an averaging meter primarily to:
السؤال 127Heat recovery from an air compressor is attractive because as much as 80–90% of the electrical energy input to the compressor is converted to:
السؤال 128An auditor finds a 200 hp motor that has been rewound three times and runs 8,000 hr/yr near full load. The most economically sound recommendation is usually:
السؤال 129A facility's compressed-air storage is undersized, causing the compressor to short-cycle. Adding properly sized receiver capacity primarily helps by:
السؤال 130An auditor calculates that a proposed VFD on a 75 hp supply fan will save $9,000/year and costs $18,000 installed. Ignoring escalation and discounting, the simple payback period is: